The OGC maintains a set of SRS IRIs under the http://www.opengis.net/def/crs/ namespace and IRIs from this set are recommended for use. However others may also be used, as long as they are valid IRIs.
So while I would allow the use of ANY URI in railml for the crs, it will be up to the software supplier to be very clear in which CRS that he will support. And by listing these as OGC managed SRS IRI's, it becomes very very clear what is meant. Furthermore, conversion between OGC managed CRS is trivial with libraries such as betterknown https://github.com/placemark/betterknown and proj4
Mathias Vanden Auweele
Railway data freelancer https://matdata.eu
Brussels, Belgium